مقایسۀ زمان واکنش دیداری و شنیداری ساده و انتخابی در کودکان مبتلا به نقص توجه/بیش‌فعالی و ضرب‌آهنگ شناختی کند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد روان‌شناسی دانشگاه تبریز ، دانشکدۀ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

3 کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی بالینی کودک و نوجوان، دانشکدۀ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، مقایسۀ زمان واکنش دیداری و شنیداری ساده و انتخابی در کودکان مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه/بیش‌فعالی و ضرب‌آهنگ شناختی کند است. روش پژوهش توصیفی از نوع علی مقایسه‌ای است. جامعۀ آماری موردمطالعه، کلیۀ دانش‌آموزان پسر دورۀ ابتدایی 7-12 سال شهر تبریز در سال تحصیلی 1398-1399 هستند. از میان این جامعۀ آماری، 100 پسر (50 نفر مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه/بیش‌فعالی و 50 نفر مبتلا به ضرب‌آهنگ شناختی کند) به شیوۀ غربال‌گری با استفاده از مقیاس درجه‌بندی رفتار کودکان (سوانسون، نولان و پلهام، 1981) و مقیاس ضرب‌آهنگ شناختی کند (پنی، واچبوچ، کلین، کورکوم و اسکیس، 2009) به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. سپس از نرم‌افزار Psytask برای سنجش زمان واکنش استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل واریانس چند‌متغیره نشان داد بین کودکان مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه/بیش‌فعالی و ضرب‌آهنگ شناختی کند، از نظر زمان واکنش دیداری و شنیداری ساده و انتخابی تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد (0001/0P<). از طرفی نتایج تحلیل واریانس تک‌متغیره و بررسی میانگین‌ها نشان داد کودکان مبتلا به ضرب‌آهنگ شناختی کند در هر چهار زمان واکنش، نسبت به کودکان مبتلا به نقص توجه/بیش‌فعالی عملکرد ضعیف‌تری دارند. با توجه به یافته‌ها نتیجه‌گیری می‌شود که کودکان مبتلا به ضرب‌آهنگ شناختی کند به‌دلیل مشکلات بیشتر در توجه پایدار، در کارکردهای شناختی مانند زمان واکنش که توجه و تمرکز را درگیر می‌کند، نسبت به کودکان مبتلا به نقص توجه/بیش‌فعالی عملکرد ضعیف‌تری دارند. یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌تواند به تشخیص و تمایز بهتر اختلال ضرب‌آهنگ شناختی کند از اختلال نقص توجه/بیش‌فعالی کمک کند و به ارائۀ راهکارهای مختلف درمانی مختص هر اختلال منجر شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Comparison of Simple and Selective Visual and Auditory Reaction Time in Children with ADHD and SCT

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mansour Bayrami 1
  • Mohammad Shadbafi 2
  • Roghaye Abdolrahimpour 3
1 Proffesor in Psychology, Department of Education and Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
2 PhD Candidate of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
3 MA in Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Tabriz, Iran.M A in Clinical Child and Adolescent psychology , Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology , Tabriz
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study is to compare simple and selective visual and auditory reaction time in children with ADHD and SCT. The design of the present study is within an opportunity comparison framework. The statistical population includes all elementary school students (7 to 12 years old) in Tabriz during the 2019-2020 school year. 100 boys (50 ADHD and 50 SCT) were selected from this population through a screening procedure using the Child Behavior Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) and the SCT scale. Samples were then screened using Psytask software to measure reaction time. MANOVA and SPSS 20 were used for data analysis. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of simple and selective visual and auditory response (P<0.0001). In addition, the ANOVA and mean scores of the two groups showed that children with SCT performed worse than children with ADHD on all four reaction times. Based on the research background and the results of this study, it appears that children with SCT have poorer performance on cognitive functions such as reaction time than children with ADHD because of greater difficulties in sustained attention. The results of this study may help in the differential diagnosis of sluggish cognitive tempo and attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder and lead to the provision of treatment strategies for each disorder.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity
  • Reaction Time
  • Sluggish Cognitive Tempo
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