Relationship between mother- child interaction and symptoms of anxiety disorders in deaf and hard-of-hearing children

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

Abstract

The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between mother- child relationship and symptoms of anxiety disorders in deaf and hard-of-hearing children. The research method was correlation analysis. From among the mothers of children with hearing problems in Brojerd, Malayer, Toyserkan and Nahavand, 69 mothers (36 mothers of deaf and 33 mothers of hard-of- hearing) participated in study uusing census method. The Spence's Children Anxiety Scale-Parent Version (1992) and Child-Parent Relationship Scale (1998) were used for data collection and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression was used for data analysis. Results: Results indicated that 15.15% of deaf children, and 8.33% of hard-of-hearing children had symptoms of anxiety disorders. Results of MANOVA indicated that symptoms of anxiety disorders and dimensions of mother-child relationship didn’t differ between deaf and hard-f-hearing children; but social anxiety in hard-of-hearing children and fear of physical injury in deaf children were higher. Results of Pierson correlation coefficient showed that the closeness of mother-child relationship was negatively and conflict in mother-child relationship was positively correlated with anxiety disorders. According to regression analysis, the closeness of mother-child relationship negatively predicted symptoms of anxiety disorders. According to the results, teaching mother-child relationship to mothers of children with hearing problems is suggested to decrease the symptoms of anxiety disorders among these children.

Keywords

References

Absalan, A.,  Pirasteh, I., Dashti Khavidaki, G. A., Asemi rad, A., Nasr Esfahani, A. A. and Nilforoush, M. H. (2013). A Prevalence Study of Hearing Loss among Primary School Children in the South East of Iran. International Journal Otolaryngology, 2013.
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 189–195. ISBN 978-0890425558.
Ariapooran, S. (2017). Mathematics Motivation, Anxiety, and Performance in Female Deaf/Hard-of-Hearing and Hearing Students. CommunicationDisorders Quarterly, 38(3(:172-178. 
Azab, S. N., Kamel, A. and Abdelrhman, S. S. (2015). Correlation between Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders and Language Development in Hearing-Impaired Egyptian Arabic Speaking Children. Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies and Hearing Aids, 3(3): 137-143.
Beckwith, L., Rozga, A., Sigman, M. and Robert, V. K. (2003). Maternal sensitivity and attachment in atypical groups. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 30, 231-274.
Black, P. A. and Glickman, N. S. (2006). Demographics, psychiatric diagnoses, and other characteristics of North American Deaf and hard-of-hearing inpatients. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 11(3): 303-321.
 Brumariu, L. E. and   Kerns, K. A. (2008). Mother-Child Attachment and Social Anxiety Symptoms in Middle Childhood. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(5): 393–402.
Brumariu, L. E. and Kerns, K. A. (2015). Mother-child emotion communication and childhood anxiety symptoms. Cognition and Emotion, 29(3):  416-431.
 Buskermolen, W. M., Hoekman, J. and Aldenkamp, A. P. (2012).  Risk factors leading to behavioural problems in individuals with hearing impairments and intellectual disabilities. International Journal on Mental Health and Deafness, 2(1): 33-45.
Colonnesi, C., Draijer, E. M., Stams, G. J., Van der Bruggen, C. O., Bögels, S. M. and Noom, M. J. (2011). The relation between insecure attachment and child anxiety: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 40(4): 630-645.
Dadds, M. R., Barrett, P. M., Rapee, S. M. and Ryan, S. (1996). Family process and child anxiety and aggression: An observational analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24(6): 715-734.
Demo, D. H. and Cox, M. J. (2000). Families with young children: A review of research in the 1990s. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(4): 876–895.
Dumas, J. E., LaFreniere, P. J. (1993). Mother-child relationships as sources of support or stress: a comparison of competent, average, aggressive, and anxious dyads. Child Development,  64(6): 1732-1754.
Hamre, B. K. and Pianta, R. C. (2001). Early teacher–child relationships and the trajectory of children's school outcomes through eighth grade. Child Development, 72(2): 625–638.
Hudson, J. L., Comer, J. S. and Kendall, P. C. (2008). Parental responses to positive and negative emotions in anxious and nonanxious children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37(2): 303-313.
Iruka, I. U., Burchinal, M. and Cai, K. (2010). Long-term effect of early relationships for African American children's academic and social development: An examination from kindergarten to fifth grade. Journal of Black Psychology, 36(2): 144–171.
Leigh, L. W., Brice, P. j. and Meadow-Orlans, K. (2004). Attachment in Deaf Mothers and Their Children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 9(2): 176-188.
Li, H. and Prevatt, F. (2010). Deaf and hard of hearing children and adolescents in China: their fears and anxieties. American Annals of the Deaf, 155(4): 458-66.
Li, Y., Liu,L., Lv, Y., Xu, L.,  Wang, Y. and  Huntsinger, C. S. (2015). Mother–child and teacher–child relationships and their influences on Chinese only and non-only children's early social behaviors: The moderator role of urban–rural status. Children and Youth Services Review, 51, 108–116. 
Lin, F. R.,  Niparko, J. K., and Ferrucci, L. (2011). Hearing Loss Prevalence in the United States. Archives of Internal Medicine, 171(20): 1851–1852.
 Mallers, M. H., Charles, S. T., Neupert, S. D. and Almeida, D. M. (2010). Perceptions of Childhood Relationship with Mother and Father: Daily Emotional and Stressor Experiences in Adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 46(6): 1651–1661.
Mousavi‚ R.‚ Moradi‚ A.R.‚ Farzad‚ V.‚ Mahdavi‚ E.‚ Spence‚ S.‚ (2007). Psychometric Properties of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale with an Iranian Sample. International psychology journal‚ 1(1): 1-16.
Øhre, B., Volden, M., Falkum, E. and von Tetzchner, S. (2017). Mental Disorders in Deaf and Hard of Hearing Adult Outpatients: A Comparison of Linguistic Subgroups. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education,  22(1): 105-117.
Pianta , R. C., .Nimetz, S. L. and Bennett, E. (1997). Mother-child relationships, teacher-child relationships, and school outcomes in preschool and kindergarten. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 12(3): 263-280.
Pourmohamadreza-Tajrishi, M., Ashouri. M., Afrooz, G. A., Arjmandnia, A. A. and Ghobari-Bonab, B. (2015). The Effectiveness of Positive Parenting Program (Triple-P) Training on Interaction of Mother-Child with Intellectual Disability. Rehabilitation, 16(2): 128-137.
Rostami, M., Bahmani, B., Bakhtyari, V. and Movallali, G. (2014). Depression and Deaf Adolescents: A review. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, 12(19): 43-53.
Stafforda, M., Kuha, D. L., Galeb, C. R., Mishrad, G. and Richard, M. (2016). Parent–child relationships and offspring’s positive mental wellbeing from adolescence to early older age. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(3): 326–337.
Theunissen, S. C., Rieffe, C., Kouwenberg, M., De Raeve, L., Soede, W., Briaire, J. J. and Frijns J. H. (2012). Anxiety in children with hearing aids or cochlear implants compared to normally hearing controls. Laryngoscope, 122(3): 654-9.
Theunissen, S. C., Rieffe, C.,  Netten, A. P., Briaire, J. J., Soede, W.,  Kouwenberg, M. Frijns J. H. (2014). elf-Esteem in Hearing-Impaired Children: The Influence of Communication, Education, and Audiological Characteristics. PLoS One. 9(4): e94521.
Vogel-Walcut, J. J. (2007). Social-Emotional Assessment of Deaf Children. Unpublished Theses Dissertations, The Florida State University.
World Health Organization. (2017). Deafness and hearing loss.  Fact Sheet N, 300. 
Zainal, H., Magiati, I., Tan, J. W., Sung, M., Fung, D. S., Howlin, P. (2014). A preliminary investigation of the Spence Children's Anxiety Parent Scale as a screening tool for anxiety in young people with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,  44(8): 1982-94.
 
 
Empowering Exceptional Children
Volume 9, Issue 2
November 2018
Pages 51-63

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 16 November 2018
  • Accept Date: 16 November 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics