Causative modeling Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms of children based on the character traits and impulsivity of mothers: mediating role of parenting styles

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Psychology and Educational Science Faculty, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Psychology and Educational Science Faculty, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology and Educational Science Faculty, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

Abstract

 The aim of this study was reaching the causative modeling of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHA) symptoms based on the character traits and impulse control of mothers with the mediating role of parenting styles. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational with using of structural equation modeling method. The statistical population included 1324 mothers of elementary school students with symptoms of ADHD in Tehran in the academic year 2019-2020, of which 480 mothers were selected by purposive sampling. Four questionnaires including Connerss Parents (Connerss, 1999), Impulsivity Scale (Lynham, 2006), Temperament- Character Inventory (Cloninger, 1994) and Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Bumrind, 1972) were completed by mothers and for data analysis in addition to descriptive statistics, the structural equations method bu utilizing LIZREL 8/85 software was used. The results showed that mothers' personality characters and impulsivity have a significant relationship with the symptoms of ADHD in children. According to the results, it can be concluded that some harmful characteristics of mothers can predict the symptoms ADHD in children. Findings showed that in the treatment of children with ADHD, attention to the personality traits and parenting style of parents can be effective in the treatment process.

Keywords

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®).Washington.
Aulia, N. M., & Alfiasari, M. (2017). Analysis of mothers personality, mothers parenting styles and adolescent autonomy in rural family. Journal of Child Development Studies, 2(2), 11- 23.
Ayman, A. L. (2018). Case–control study of depression in mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Psychiatry, 39(3), 100- 104.
Barkley, R. A. (2006). A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (3td ed.). New York.
Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. The Journal of Early adolescence, 11(2), 56- 95.
Bhid, S. Sciberras, E. Anderson, V. Hazell, P. & Nicholson, J. M. (2016). Association Between Parenting Style and Socio- Emotional and Academic Functioning in Children With and Without ADHD: A Community- Based Study. Journal of Attention Disorders, 21(8), 102- 112.
Buri, J. R. (1991). Parental authority questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57(5), 110- 119.

Capara , G. V., Barbaranelli, C., & Zimbardo, P., H. (1999). Personality profiles and political. Political Psychology, 20(1), 175–197. 

Chi, T. C., & Hinshaw, S. (2002). Mother–Child Relationships of Children with ADHD: The Role of Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Depression-Related Distortions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30(4), 378- 400.

Cloninger, C. R. (1987). A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants: a proposal. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44(6), 573- 588.
Cloninger, C. R., & Svrakic, D. M. (1984). Differentiating normal and deviant personality by the seven factor personality model. In struck, s. Lorr. New York: Springer (Eds), M. Publishing Co, 12(1), 3- 18.
Connerss, C. K., Erhardt, D. & Sparrow, E. (1999). Connerss Adults ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) Tech Nical Manual. N Tonawanda, ny: Multi Health Systems, 431- 437.
Craig, F., Savino, R., Fanizza, I., Lucarreli, E., Russo, L., & Trabacca, A. (2020). A Systematic review of coping strategies in parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Journal of Research in Developmental Disabilities, 98(5), 357- 377.
De Hart, T., Pelham, B. W., & Tennen, H. (2006). What lies beneath: parenting style and implicit self- esteem. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 4(2), 1- 17.
Edel, M. A., Edel, S., Kruger, M., Assion, H. J., Juckel, G., & Brune, M. (2015). Attachment, recalled parental rearing, and ADHD symptoms predict emotion processing and alexithymia in adults with ADHD. Journal of Annals of General Psychiatry, 14(48), 291- 301.
Edobor, O. J., & Ekechukwu, R. (2015). Parenting styles and personalities Traits among senior secondary school students in rivers state Nigeria. British Journal of Psychology Research, 4(3), 9- 18.
Elsayed, M. E., Abdelmaksoud, A. H., & Elabbad, M. A. (2020). Effect of Parenting Style on Severity of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder among Children Attending Al-Azhar University Hospital, New Damietta. International Journal of Medical Arts, 2(1), 211- 216.
Ercan, E., Ercan, E. S., Atilgan, H., Basay, B. K., Uysal, T., Inci, S. B., & Ardic, U. A. (2014). Predicting aggression in children with ADHD. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 15(8), 148- 159.

Holland, M. L., Malmberg, J., & Peacock, G. G. (2017). Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Young Children Second Edition Effective Interventions in the Preschool and Kindergarten Years. Guilford Press.

Harrison, C., & Sofronoff, K. (2002). ADHD and parental psychological distress: role of demographics, child behavioral characteristics, and parental cognitions.  Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychology, 41(6), 703- 711.
Hoofdakker, B. J., Nauta, M. H., Van den Veen-Mulders, L.J., Sytema, S., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., & Minderaa, R. B., & Hoekstra, P. J. (2010). Behavioral parent training as an adjunct to routine care in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Moderators of treatment response. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 35(3), 317–326.
Hutchison, L., Feder, M., Abar, B., & Winsler, A. (2016). Relations between Parenting Stress, Parenting Style, and Child Executive Functioning for Children with ADHD or Autism. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(1), 3644- 3656.
Huver, M. A., Otten, R., Vries, H. D., & Angels, R. C. (2010). Personality and parenting style in parents of adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 33(3), 395- 402.
Johnson, B. D., Franklin, L. C., Hall, K., & Prieto, L., R. (2000). Parent Training Through Play: Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with a Hyperactive Child. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapu for Couples and Families, 8(2), 180- 186.
Kaplan, H. I., & Sadock, B. (2014). Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry (10th ed.). Philadelphia: William & Wilkins.
Keline, R. B., (2005). Principles and Practice of Structural Education Modeling (5th ed.). New York: Guilford Press.Labate, L. (1993). A Family theory of impulsivity. Theory, Research and Treatment. Washington: APA.  
Lee, S. J., Cloninger, C. R., Park, S. H., & Chae, H. (2015). The association of parental temperament and character on their children behavior problems. Journal of Peer, 14(8), 8- 18.

Lee, P. C., Lin, K. C., Robson, D., Yang, H. J., Chen, V. C. H., & Niew, W. I. (2013). Parent-child interaction of mothers with depression and their children with ADHD. Journal of Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(1), 656- 668..

Lynham, M. M. (2006). Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder (6th ed.). New York, Guilford.
Lynham, D. R., & Miller, J. D. (2004). Personality pathways to impulsive behavior and their relations to deviance: Results from three samples. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 20(8), 319- 341.
Marino, D. F., Teixeira, T. V., Cantiere, C. N., Ribeiro, A. D. F., Micieli, A. P. R., & Carreiro, L. R. R. (2019). Parenting styles and mental health in parents of children with ADHD. Revista Interamericana de Psicologia /International Journal of Psychology, 53(3), 417-430.Meadows, S. O., Mclanahan, S. S., & Gunn, J. (2007). Parental depression and anxiety and early childhood behavior problems across family types. Journal of Marriage Family, 69(5), 1162-1177.
Downloaded from www.ceciranj.ir
Mikami, A. Y., Chong, G., K. Saporito, J. M., & Jiwon Na, J. (2015). Implications of Parental Affiliate Stigma in Families of Children with ADHD. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 44(4), 593- 603.

Miller, C. J., Miller, S. R., Trampushb, J., Mckay, K. E., Newcorn, J. H., & Halperin, J. M . (2006). Family and Cognitive Factors: Modeling Risk for Aggression in Children with ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(3), 355- 363.

Sadock, B. J, Sadock, V. A, & Kaplan, P. (2015). synopsis of psychiatry: behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (12th ed.). America.
Sanders, M. R. (2002). Parenting interventions and the prevention of serious mental health problems in children. Medical Journal of Austoralia, 177(7), 87-92.  
Schermerhorn, A. C., & Bates, J. E. (2012). Temperament, parenting and implications for development. Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development, 20(8), 158- 171.
Silva, A. M., & Urbano, R. L. (2016). Child ADHD severity, behavior problems and parenting styles. Annals of Psychiatry and Mental Health, 4(3), 28- 37.
Sperry, L. (2003). Handbook of diagnosisand treatment of DSM-IV-TR personality disorders (3th ed.). Routledge.
Stifter, C. A., Dollar, J. M, & Cipriano, E. A. (2011). Temperament and Emotion Regulation: The Role of Autonomic Nervous System Reactivity. Developmental psychobiology, 53(3), 266-79.
Storeb, O. J., Rasmussen, P., & Simonsen, E. (2013). Association between insecure attachment and ADHD: Environmental mediating factors. Journal of Attention Disorders, 10(7), 171- 186.
Sumargi, A. M., Prasetyo, E., & Ardelia, B. W. (2020). Parenting styles and their impacts on child problems behaviors.  Journal Psikologi, 19(3), 269- 284.
Van der Oord, S., Bo ̈gels, S. M., & Peijnenburg, D. (2012). MijnAandacht: Mindfulness protocol voor kinderen met ADHD. [MyAttention: Mindfulness manual for children with ADHD].Virenze: Internal publication University of Amsterdam/UVA.
Witeside, S. & Lynham, D. R. (2001). The five factor model and impulsivity: Using a Structural Model of Personality to Understand Impulsivity. Personality and Individual Differences. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 30(4), 669- 689.
Yurumez, E., Yazici, E., Gumus, Y. Y., Yazici, A. B., & Gursoy, S. (2014). Temperament and character traits of parents of children with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorder, 16(10), 1-7.
Zeanah, C. H., & Fox, N. A. (2004). Temperament and attachment disorders. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 33(1), 32- 41.
 
 
 
 

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 17 June 2021
  • Revise Date: 01 July 2021
  • Accept Date: 16 August 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics