Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on Cognitive Avoidance of Female Students with Early Maladaptive Schemas

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Candidate in General Psychology, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.

3 Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the efficacy of schema therapy on the cognitive avoidance of female students with early maladaptive schema. The present study had an experimental design with pretest, posttest, control group and two months follow up period. The statistical population of the present study included secondary school female students with early maladaptive schema in the city of Isfahan in the academic year 2019-2020.Thirty female students with early maladaptive schema were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (each group consists of 15 adolescents). The experimental group received eight seventy-five minute sessions of a schema therapy intervention over one month (Sayyadi et al., 2017). Two students from the experimental group and two from the control group withdrew from the study. The questionnaires used in the current study included Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire (EMSQ) and Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (CAQ). The data obtained from the study were analyzed by repeated measures method ANOVA using SPSS 23 software. The results showed that schema therapy has a significant effect on cognitive avoidance of female adolescents with early maladaptive schema (p<0.001). The results of the present study suggest that schema therapy can be used as an effective therapy to reduce cognitive avoidance in female adolescents with early maladaptive schema.

Keywords

References

Basile, B., Tenore, K., & Mancini, F. (2019). Early Maladaptive Schemas in Overweight and Obesity: A Schema Mode Model. Heliyon, 5(9), 23-31.

Bortolon, C., Lopes, B., Capdevielle, D., Macioce, V., Raffard, S. (2019). The Roles of Cognitive Avoidance, Rumination and Negative Affect in the Association between Abusive Supervision in the Workplace and Non-Clinical Paranoia in a Sample of Workers Working in France. Psychiatry Research, 271, 581-589.

Danahy, L., & Stopa, L. (2010). Post Event Processing in Social Anxiety. Behavior Research Therapy, 45(6), 1207-1219.
Dijk, S. D. M., Bouman, R., Folmer, E.,  Held, R. C., Warringa, J. E., Marijnissen, R. M., Voshaar, R. C. O. (2020). (Vi)-rushed Into Online Group Schema Therapy Based Day-Treatment for Older Adults by the COVID-19 Outbreak in the Netherlands. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(9), 983-988.
Froböse, M. I., & Cools, R. (2018). Chemical Neuromodulation of Cognitive Control Avoidance. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 22, 121-127.
Gong, J., & Chan, R. C. K. (2018). Early Maladaptive Schemas as mediators between Childhood Maltreatment and Later Psychological Distress among Chinese College Students. Psychiatry Research, 259, 493-500.
Hong, J. S., Kim, S. M., Jung, H. Y., Kang, K. D., Min, K. J., Han, D. H. (2017). Cognitive Avoidance and Aversive Cues Related to Tobacco in Male Smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 73, 158-164.
Khasho, D. A., Van Alphen, S. P. G., Heijnen-Kohl, S.M.J., Ouwens, M.A., Arntz, A., & Videler, A. C. (2019). The Effectiveness of Individual Schema Therapy in Older Adults with Borderline Personality Disorder: Protocol of a Multiple-Baseline Study. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 14, 321-330.
Kline, G., Honaker, J., Joseph, A., & Scheve, K. (2001). Analyzing Incomplete Political Science Data: An Alternative Algorithm for Multiple Imputation. American Political Science Review, 95, 49-69.
Nenadic, I., Lamberth, S., & Reiss, N. (2017). Group Schema Therapy for Personality Disorders: A Pilot Study for Implementation in Acute Psychiatric In-Patient Settings. Psychiatry Research, 253, 9-12.
Renner, F., DeRubeis, R., Arntz, A., Peeters, F., Lobbestael, J., & Huibers, M. J. H. (2018). Exploring Mechanisms of Change in Schema Therapy for Chronic Depression. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 58, 97-105.

Rezaei, M., Ghazanfari, F., & Hrezaee, F. (2016). The Role of Childhood Trauma, Early Maladaptive Schemas, Emotional Schemas and Experimental Avoidance on Depression: A Structural Equation Modeling. Psychiatry Research, 246, 407-414.

Sexton, K. A., & Dugas, M. J. (2008). The Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire: Validation of the English Translation. Journal of Anxiety Disorder, 22, 335-370.
Waller, G., Meyer, C., & Ohanian, V. (2001). Psychometric Properties of the Long & Short Versions of the Young Schema Questionnaire: Core Beliefs among Bulimic and Comparision Women. Cognitive Therapy Research, 25(2), 137-147.
Young, J. E. (1998). Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form. New York: Cognitive Therapy Center.

Zucchelli, F., White, P., Williamson, H. (2020). Experiential Avoidance and Cognitive Fusion Mediate the Relationship between Body Evaluation and Unhelpful Body Image Coping Strategies in Individuals with Visible Differences. Body Image, 32, 121-127.

 
 
Empowering Exceptional Children
Volume 12, Issue 2
November 2021
Pages 56-65

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 31 August 2020
  • Revise Date: 09 September 2020
  • Accept Date: 26 October 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics